The Nurse's Role in Preventative Care: Strategies for Promoting Public Health
As medical science has evolved, clinical professionals have placed greater emphasis on preventative care. Therefore, preventive care has emerged as a highly popular field of nursing practice that continues to grow in importance from year to year.
Understanding Preventative Care in Nursing
A key element in the dual realms of private care and public health, this incredibly broad field has strong potential to positively transform the overall wellness of large populations. Read on for a brief summation of preventative care and a breakdown of its primary levels.
What Is Preventative Care?
Generally defined, preventive or preventative healthcare encompasses all measures that revolve around disease prevention and wellness optimization. It generally involves educating patients on important health matters and otherwise guiding them toward positive health outcomes. This might entail encouraging healthy life choices or scheduling patients for the right precautionary and preemptive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
The Three Levels of Prevention in Nursing
No matter if they are simply stressing patient education in nursing or spearheading large community health outreach programs, nurses play a pivotal part in the provision of preventive care. Working directly with patients in a variety of ways, they drive the art and science of preventative care at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels:
- Primary prevention means avoiding disease before it starts and generally enhancing human health.
- Secondary prevention means diagnosing disease and disorder early and intervening to improve patient outcomes.
- Tertiary prevention means alleviating harmful symptoms and fighting the lasting effects of disease and disorder to help patients live life to the fullest.
The Critical Role of Nurses in Preventative Care
Whether working with individual patients or entire communities, nurses are positioned at the forefront of preventive healthcare in the United States and around the world. Discover some of the general ways that nurses are furthering preventive care today.
Patient Education and Health Promotion
For organizations of all kinds, nursing and health promotion often go hand in hand. In a hospital, a nurse might educate patients one-on-one, but in a public health agency, a nurse might develop programs and resources to positively affect large groups of people. No matter what approach they take, nurses know that people must be well-informed to prevent disease, injury, and other health problems.
Administering Preventative Screenings and Vaccinations
Routine diagnostic tests are an essential component of preventative care for all types of patients, from newborn babies (who require initial hearing and heart screenings) to senior citizens (who require colonoscopies and bone density scans). Medical authorities also strongly recommend getting the right preventative vaccinations at the right time. For kids, this means immunization against diseases like measles and polio. Older adults may want to consider getting the shingles and/or pneumonia vaccine.
Community Outreach and Public Health Initiatives
While some nurses work directly with patients to provide diagnostic care and personalized education, others work with entire communities to fight specific ailments and improve people’s general wellness. Community health advocacy is an integral part of preventative care and health promotion in nursing. Nurses in community outreach and public health have the power to make a significant impact that can reverberate throughout large populations.
Strategies for Nurses to Promote Public Health
From identifying key social determinants of health in nursing to launching comprehensive community-based health interventions, nurses employ a wide range of preventative care strategies to further health and wellness in the people they serve. These are just a few common goals that those nurses share:
Enhancing Access to Preventative Services
Focused on expanding preventative care to reach more people or optimizing preventative outreach to achieve better patient outcomes, nurses can enhance access to preventative services in countless ways. In a medical facility, a nurse can conduct preventive care assessments during routine visits; in the community health environment, a nurse may introduce individuals and families to valuable health and wellness resources.
Advocating for Public Health Policies
Advocacy has been an integral part of nursing since it solidified into a viable profession and industry. As reported in the Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, the American Nurses Association (ANA) first included advocacy recommendations in its 1926 Code of Ethics. Today, this code explicitly calls upon nurses to work toward improved health and wellness by exerting influence over officials in both governmental and non-governmental agencies. Additionally, it encourages nurses to advocate for beneficial policies and standards among healthcare organizations, associations, and authorities.
Utilizing Technology and Telehealth
Digital tools are redefining preventative care as we know it. Prime examples include artificial intelligence (AI) software platforms that track and analyze health trends for large populations as well as individual wearable diagnostic devices from portable heart monitors to fitness trackers such as Apple Watch and Fitbit.
Telehealth is another a driving force in preventive care. Thanks to video conferencing and other forms of telehealth technology, nurses can check on patients more frequently and reach patients in remote geographic locations that were formerly difficult to access.
Challenges and Solutions in Preventative Nursing Care
From systemic healthcare inefficiencies to income-related barriers to quality medical services, individuals, families, and entire communities can experience considerable difficulties when it comes to securing preventive care. Nurses are uniquely positioned to address these obstacles and offer productive solutions to common preventative care problems.
Addressing Health Disparities
A persistent and ubiquitous challenge in the public health world, health disparities are notable inequities in the quality of medical care and patient outcomes — as well as the general levels of health and wellness among different economic, social, racial, and cultural groups. The National Conference of State Legislatures lists a number of factors that contribute to health disparities, including “genetics, access to care, poor quality of care, community features (e.g., inadequate access to healthy foods, poverty, limited personal support systems and violence), environmental conditions (e.g., poor air quality), language barriers, and health behaviors.”
Overcoming Misinformation and Vaccine Hesitancy
We have already discussed the potential of telehealth and other forms of digital technology to promote and advance preventative care. Unfortunately, not all tech is quite that beneficial. Incorrect health information has always circulated, but its proliferation has skyrocketed since the rise of social media. Much of this misinformation has revolved around vaccine safety, making large numbers of people hesitant to get themselves and their children properly immunized.
Managing Workload and Burnout in Preventative Care
Nursing, preventative and otherwise, is far from a stress-free profession even under the best of working conditions. However, many nurses are working too many hours while juggling far too many tasks. This is a serious problem because extreme cases of work overload and related stress tend to end in burnout: a state of utter physical and/or mental exhaustion that can make normal daily activities nearly impossible to complete.
Case Studies: Successful Nursing-Led Preventative Care Initiatives
From chronic disease prevention to early intervention strategies that mitigate health crises, nurses can do wonders to promote effective preventative care in patients and communities alike. Here, we outline just a few examples of outstanding nurses accomplishing remarkable things.
Community Health Programs That Made an Impact
Countless nurse-led and nurse-driven community health programs have changed the lives of populations in the U.S. and beyond. Trust for America’s Health has published a state-by-state list of these successful initiatives that range from the Georgia Stroke and Heart Attack Prevention Program to the Utah Tobacco Prevention and Control Program.
In one case study from the United Kingdom, nurses from the University Health Centre in Huddersfield, England, were able to more than double the number of male patients screening for sexually transmitted infections by creating at-home screening kits as well as promoting their distribution and collection at specific pickup and drop-off points.
Individual Nurse Contributions to Public Health
A single nurse can improve the health of many people, for instance, by spearheading a flu shot clinic or a wellness education workshop in a local community center. “As individuals, nurses directly influence the health and well-being of patients every day,” states the ANA. “Through frequent contact, nurses are best placed to encourage lifestyle changes in communities and offer education on healthy living — particularly to the most vulnerable in society.”
The Future of Preventative Care in Nursing
Because medical science is ever-evolving and new healthcare challenges are constantly arising, the nursing profession never stays the same for long. Regardless of if you are a practicing nurse or merely considering a career in nursing, you will want to reflect on the future of preventive care.
Expanding the Nurse’s Role in Preventative Health
The ANA celebrates the prominent role that nurses have played and continue to play in the advancement of preventative health. It also supports the ongoing expansion of this role in areas such as immunization, infection prevention, addiction medicine, and environmental health. Contemporary preventative care challenges that have required an expansive nursing response include the spread of the Ebola virus and the opioid crisis.
Innovations in Preventative Healthcare
As mentioned above, technology is responsible for advancing preventative care in many ways. But perhaps no digital asset is more valuable than big data. Information sharing and data analytics are precipitating a revolutionary transformation in preventative care. From identifying underserved populations to developing better diagnostic tests, healthcare professionals are accomplishing incredible things with the right information accompanied by the right technology to process it.
Preventative Care as Part of a Comprehensive Nursing Program
Take a deep dive into the world of preventative care through a nursing program at Indiana Wesleyan University’s School of Nursing and Health Professions. Our experienced faculty and quality curriculum delivers education in areas related to clinical care as well as engaging underrepresented communities. Request information today to learn more about your options!
Sources
https://www.indwes.edu/academics/cas/school-of-nursing-and-health-sciences/
https://www.healthcare.gov/coverage/preventive-care-benefits/
https://www.ncsl.org/health/health-disparities-overview
https://qni.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Play-Safe-Stay-Safe-awards-ceremony-poster.pdf
https://www.tfah.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Examplesbystate1009.pdf
https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/public-health-nursing/
https://welkinhealth.com/how-technology-is-advancing-the-future-of-preventative-care/
