The Impact of Cultural Competence on Patient Outcomes
Both new and experienced nurses know that patient-centered care is the key to achieving the best possible outcomes. However, it's important to recognize the different factors that play into crafting a personalized and effective treatment plan. As nurses navigate an increasingly diverse patient population, many of whom have complex needs, it's necessary for all nurses to become more culturally aware and responsive. Cultural competence in nursing can help address the inequities that exist within healthcare while simultaneously increasing patient satisfaction ratings and improving patient outcomes.
Understanding Cultural Competence in Healthcare
As healthcare experts have focused on addressing health inequities and bridging the gaps that exist within the healthcare system, it's become clear that cultural competence plays a critical role in providing patients with the best possible care. Understanding what cultural competence is and how it applies within the nursing profession can help you improve your nursing practice.
What Is Cultural Competence?
The National Prevention Information Network defines cultural competence as behaviors, attitudes, and policies that exist within a cross-cultural setting. Culturally competent individuals can navigate situations with a diverse range of people while accommodating and respecting their beliefs, backgrounds, cultural traditions, and social structures.
Why Cultural Competence Matters in Nursing
Nurses in today's complex healthcare system work with a wide range of patients, requiring them to be able to interact with their patients and provide them with the best possible care. Cultural competency is one of the most critical nursing skills for nurses to develop, as it allows them to better recognize barriers that can exist when caring for patients and to reduce those inequities within their own practice.
The Impact of Cultural Competence on Patient Outcomes
Cultural competence in nursing has been shown to have a positive effect on patient outcomes, allowing healthcare providers to reduce the inequities that exist within the healthcare system and provide patients with more empathetic, compassionate, and effective care.
Cultural competence in nursing improves patient outcomes by:
Enhancing Communication With Patients
Language barriers in healthcare can be particularly detrimental, as these communication issues leave healthcare providers unable to share critical information with patients and patients feeling confused or uncertain about the care that they are receiving. Nurses who learn a second language or use translators can enhance patient care by improving communication. This helps patients feel more comfortable and confident.
Building Trust and Rapport
For decades, patients from marginalized populations have long felt insecure in healthcare settings, often because the healthcare providers who were caring for them were distinctly different and did not seem to have an understanding of their own culture and belief systems. Today, as providers work to improve cultural diversity in nursing, it's become clear that patients are more likely to trust providers who are aware of their culture, traditions, religious beliefs, and personal preferences. Cultural competence in nursing plays a key role in improving trust in the patient population, which organically lends itself to improved outcomes overall.
Reducing Health Disparities
Culturally competent nursing care is considered to be one of the foundations for addressing health inequities that exist. When cultural competency is emphasized within a healthcare setting, it can help:
● Improve trust among patients.
● Reduce the sense of perceived racism within a healthcare setting.
● Improve the patients' perception of the care that they receive.
● Improve patients' willingness to prioritize preventative care and make better lifestyle choices.
Increasing Adherence to Treatment Plans
One of the most significant challenges that healthcare providers face is that they can only provide patients with a certain level of care while in the clinical setting. In many cases, the patients' outcomes depend heavily on patient compliance after discharge. By prioritizing cultural competence in nursing, healthcare facilities can improve communication with patients and increase their overall adherence to treatment plans, largely because there is a deeper sense of trust that exists between patients and providers.
Steps Nurses Can Take to Improve Cultural Competence
Nurses who want to provide culturally competent care can take actionable steps to increase their sense of cultural awareness and better understand the biases that may exist within their own lives.
Nurses can improve their cultural competence by:
Engaging in Cultural Awareness Training
One of the best ways to become more culturally competent and responsive is to participate in cultural awareness training programs. Research published in the Frontiers in Psychology journal clarifies that educational training is one of the best ways to improve cultural competence in nursing, with nurses having access to face-to-face training opportunities, simulated experiences, and online training programs that can improve their sense of cultural awareness.
Practicing Active Listening
Active listening is an intentional communication tool that requires a nurse to focus entirely on their patient and listen to what they have to say. Active listening is one of the best ways for nurses to understand the perspectives and beliefs of their patients.
Learning About Diverse Cultures
Nurses should also actively work to learn about a diverse range of cultures, particularly those common within the patient population they work with. This allows them to better understand the needs and preferences of their patients and provide them with more personal and respectful care.
Utilizing Interpreters and Translation Services
In the event that a language barrier does exist, nurses should connect with interpreters in the healthcare facility who can help translate information. This reduces miscommunication issues and improves patient safety as well.
Challenges in Achieving Cultural Competence
While cultural competence in nursing is clearly necessary to improve patient-centered care within the healthcare setting, there are challenges that must be overcome to achieve cultural competence.
Some of the most pressing challenges associated with achieving cultural competence include:
Overcoming Implicit Bias
Implicit bias refers to negative attitudes or beliefs that a person may have but may not be aware of. Nurses should work to become more conscious of any implicit bias that they may have and to reduce those negative feelings or beliefs while working with a diverse range of patients.
Addressing Time and Resource Constraints
Cultural competence in nursing is difficult when nurses often manage high volumes of patients and do not have much time to spend directly with each patient. Nurses should work with shift supervisors to ensure that cultural competency in the healthcare setting is not suffering as a result of high caseloads.
Managing Ethical Dilemmas
Ethical dilemmas arise in healthcare settings nearly every day, and nurses must be able to overcome their own biases or stereotypes that exist to effectively manage these dilemmas in a way that is both fair and responsible.
Tools and Resources for Enhancing Cultural Competence
Whether you are enrolled in a nursing degree program or in the midst of your career as a nurse, you will find that these tools and resources can help you provide more culturally competent care in any healthcare setting:
Technology and Cultural Competence
Online cultural awareness training programs are available for nurses, allowing them to enroll in educational programs that can be completed at a time and place that is convenient for them. Technology allows for virtual training and simulated experiences, which are key to improving cultural competence in nursing.
Professional Organizations and Support
Nurses can join professional organizations to expand their network and seek support to improve their sense of cultural awareness. Professional organizations also often offer training programs for cultural awareness and cultural competence.
Collaborative Team Efforts
Nurses should also work with other members of the healthcare team to become more culturally aware and responsive in their nursing practice. By sharing their own cultural traditions and beliefs, healthcare teams can increase their sense of awareness and improve their ability to provide patient-centered care. This is one of the reasons why cultural diversity in nursing is so vital to the success of any healthcare organization.
The Future of Cultural Competence in Nursing
Cultural competence in nursing will continue to play an integral role at every level of healthcare. These are some of the trends that will shape cultural competence in nursing in the years to come:
Addressing Growing Diversity in Healthcare
Healthcare facilities are expected to continue to prioritize cultural diversity in nursing, ensuring that the team of providers at the facility mirrors the patient population they are serving.
Expanding Cultural Competence in Nursing Education
Cultural competence is expected to be embedded at all levels of nursing education, including within nursing degree programs. By expanding cultural competence in nursing education, nurse educators can more adequately prepare nurses to serve a diverse range of patients.
Discover the Importance of Culturally Competent Nursing Care at Indiana Wesleyan University
Culturally responsive care is not a trend that will subside in the years to come — it's a focal point of providing patient-centered care at all levels of healthcare. Recognizing the importance of cultural competence in nursing, Indiana Wesleyan University offers nursing degree programs through the School of Nursing and Health Professions that focus not only on clinical skill development but also on cultural awareness in healthcare.
Find your nursing degree program today, and request more information about campus life at Indiana Wesleyan University.
Sources
https://www.indwes.edu/academics/cas/school-of-nursing-and-health-sciences/
https://npin.cdc.gov/pages/cultural-competence-health-and-human-services
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9449514/
\https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9449514/
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cultural-competence/research-protocol
https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-019-3959-7
