Child Welfare and Family Preservation: Evolving Roles and Responsibilities

Being a social worker means committing to helping individuals and families navigate some of life's biggest challenges while serving as an advocate for their needs. Of course, social work is a broad field, with professionals specializing in areas ranging from community health and human services to substance abuse and mental health.

If you're interested in using your expertise and skills to strengthen families, prevent child maltreatment, and advocate for children's best interests, a social work career in child welfare and family preservation may be right for you.

Understanding Child Welfare and Family Preservation

Specifically, child welfare and family preservation is an area of social work that focuses on protecting children from harm through family-centered practice while offering proper services and community support for families during times of crisis.

Defining Key Concepts and Goals

Often, child welfare and family preservation are grouped together, although they do have slightly different definitions and goals. Child welfare aims to protect the safety and well-being of children above all else. In some cases, family preservation may be a means of ensuring that children are safe and supported.

On the other hand, family preservation focuses more on supporting families in crisis as a means of keeping children from entering the foster care system. With the right resources and support, family preservation makes it possible to avoid more drastic child welfare interventions or to reunite a family whose children have been placed in foster care for their well-being.

Historical Evolution of Practice

The history of the child welfare system in the United States dates back to the early 1800s, when churches and charities set up the first orphanages. However, it wasn't until the mid-1800s that the government got formally involved with the establishment of the New York Children's Aid Society, which some would argue was the start of the foster care system in America.

Following the Great Depression, the Social Security Act was created in 1935, providing important funding and provisions for child welfare. By the 1980s, the Adoption Assistance, Indian Child Welfare Act, and Independent Living Program were all enacted with a focus on family preservation and child protection.

Today, many programs are in place that aim to protect and preserve families while keeping children safe and nurtured. Child Protective Services (CPS) is the primary government agency that investigates reports of child abuse/neglect and intervenes when necessary, sometimes making foster care placements or working with families to protect children.

Legal and Policy Framework

Today, many regulations and laws are in place that govern how child welfare and family preservation social workers do their jobs. If you plan to get into this area of social work, understanding some key laws and the court process is a must.

Foundational Federal and State Laws

Professionals in child welfare social work must be aware of the laws and regulations that govern their everyday actions, with some notable laws at the federal and state levels, including:

Likewise, because different states have different laws when it comes to mandated reporting, foster care, adoption, and termination of parental rights, social workers need to be familiar with state-specific laws that apply to their work.

Court Processes and Child Advocacy

Social workers also grow accustomed to the court process when working in child welfare or family preservation services. The specific process can vary depending on the unique circumstances of the case and the state of practice. However, most child welfare cases begin with an initial hearing that occurs shortly after a child is removed from a home deemed to be unfit due to allegations of neglect or abuse.

From there, social workers must also undergo adjudication and dispositional hearings, and regular review hearings on each case, to monitor the family's progress and assess compliance with any relevant case plans. Ultimately, permanency hearings may be held to determine whether a child will be placed back with a family, stay in foster care, or be adopted by another family.

Strengthening Families and Preventing Maltreatment

Ultimately, the goal of family preservation and family support services is to strengthen families and provide them with the resources and trauma-informed care they need to prevent maltreatment of children. This is especially apparent when parents/guardians have fallen on hard times due to job loss, illness, or other issues.

Early Identification and Risk Assessment

An essential tenet of family preservation is the application of early intervention services, which aim to proactively seek out and support struggling families before they reach a point of crisis. These services may take the form of family group conferencing or home visiting programs, where social workers meet in the home to address any immediate safety/wellness concerns.

In addition to home visiting and family preservation programs, risk assessment tools can be extremely useful in creating plans to protect children. In a risk assessment, social workers may examine risk factors such as substance abuse, domestic violence, and poverty to determine the family's need for intervention.

Evidence-Based Prevention Programs

Within the field of social work, many states have specific, evidence-based programs set up to prevent child abuse/neglect by addressing the social issues (such as poverty and substance abuse) that so often lead to family crises.

One example is the Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development program, a registry available to social workers that helps them find evidence-based interventions for children and families.

Community and Interagency Collaboration

Being a social worker in child welfare and family preservation also means collaborating with professionals from other agencies to protect children while advocating for their best interests. For example, it's not uncommon for child welfare social workers to collaborate with hospital social workers, child welfare agencies, and even school social workers to best support children and their families during hard times.

Building Service Networks

By collaborating with other agencies, social workers can offer more comprehensive care and support to families in crisis while improving their access to the necessary services and resources.

Leveraging Kinship and Foster Alternatives

Meanwhile, interagency collaborations can also leverage a sense of kinship and community while exploring alternatives to foster placement for families in crisis. Ultimately, every agency working on a case should share the same end goal, which is keeping children out of foster care (whenever possible) while protecting their safety and well-being.

Advocacy Within the Legal System

Child welfare and family preservation social workers take on important roles not just in their clients' homes, but in the court system as well. Social workers are relied upon for their testimony in court and can shape the future of the profession by advocating for policy and systemic change to support their clients.

In some cases, social workers may collaborate with a court-appointed special advocate, a volunteer who speaks and advocates for a child in court. Collaborating with these advocates is a critical aspect of a social worker's job, especially when it comes to ensuring that every child's voice is heard.

In court, child welfare social workers may also be expected to testify about their own assessments and investigations regarding a case while presenting their findings in front of a judge. Because the court process can confuse children and families, they must also be prepared to provide support and explanation when needed.

Policy Advocacy and Systemic Change

Because social workers see the system's most intricate workings up close, they are also among the most informed professionals to advocate for policy and systemic change when needed. Specifically, social workers can contribute to positive change through lobbying and policy development, by providing expert testimony, and by collaborating with other influencers with their clients' best interests in mind.

H2: Monitoring Outcomes and Continuous Improvement

When a child is placed in foster care or otherwise removed from a home due to neglect/abuse, social workers (along with the courts) typically create family preservation plans that can help parents/guardians create safer and healthier homes for their children to come back to. The social worker's job is to monitor these clients continuously and their progress/improvement based on different metrics and indicators.

Setting Metrics and Indicators

In monitoring outcomes and improvement in individual cases, social workers examine metrics and indicators to determine whether families are following their care plans successfully. They may specifically examine environmental factors (such as the child's living situation), mental health factors, and ongoing risks (like substance abuse in the home) to continuously assess risk and advocate for child safety.

Quality Improvement Cycles

Social workers also rely on quality improvement cycles to assess and improve their own performance in the field. These typically follow a cycle of "Plan, Do, Study, Act" (PDSA) to improve the delivery of social work services through data-driven insights.

Professional Development and Self-Care

Although social work can be a fulfilling career, it can also be emotionally taxing, especially when you inevitably witness the aftermath of abuse or neglect on an innocent child. With this in mind, social workers need to have a tough skin and develop some self-care and self-preservation skills to prevent professional burnout.

Essential Skills and Competencies

Many social workers find it helpful to work on their own self-care during stressful work times. This means setting time aside to do the things they enjoy, making time for self-reflection, and reaching out to loved ones for support as needed.

Preventing Burnout and Vicarious Trauma

Compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma are very real problems in the social work profession, and it can be difficult not to bring your work home when you're in this field. Ultimately, however, social workers need to find ways to shift their own perspectives and establish healthy boundaries to keep their personal lives separate from their professional lives as much as possible. At the end of the day, accepting that you can have compassion and empathy in your work without letting your cases impact your sense of work-life balance is one of the best things you can do as a social worker. Remember that when you're the best version of yourself, you can also best serve your clients.

Working in family welfare and preservation can be a rewarding career, especially when you're able to see firsthand the lives you've changed for the better. At Indiana Wesleyan University, we're proud to offer a Bachelor of Science in Social Work (BSW) program that covers critical coursework such as social policy, social welfare organization, human behavior, and more. Meanwhile, students can enjoy a faith-integrated curriculum and superior support through our Center for Student Success.

Already have your undergraduate degree? Explore our online Master of Social Work program, which can be completed in as little as 20 months and helps prepare students for career advancement into supervisory and leadership roles.

Get in touch to request more information about IWU's BSW program or any other program we offer. Apply today!

Sources

https://www.indwes.edu/program/division-of-behavioral-sciences/bs-social-work

https://www.indwes.edu/program/master-social-work/standard/

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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2699394/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3963536/

https://www.blueprintsprograms.org/

https://www.ssa.gov/history/35act.html

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK588601/